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Cloxacillin
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Cloxacillin
Beta Lactamase:
- Enzyme produced by bacteria that inactivates betalactam antibiotics,
including penicillins
- Staph. aureus, E. coli, H. influenza, Neisseriae and many other
bacteria produce beta-lactamase
The need …
… A beta-lactamase stable penicillin
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Cloxacillin
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Beta-lactamase stable penicillin
- Drug of choice for staphycococcal infection
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Antibacterial
Activity
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Narrow spectrum coverage includes Staph. aureus
- Bactericidal activity against Staph. aureus combined with stability
against staphylococcal beta-lactamases
- Like other penicillins, bactericidal action by inhibition of bactericidal
cell wall synthesis
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Pharmacokinetics
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Absorbed orally, peak levels in 1 hour
- Concentrations persist for 4 - 6 hours
- Distributed throughout the body
- Some metabolism occurs in liver
- Excreted in urine, stools
- Crosses placental barrier and excreted in breast milk
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Dosage
and Administration
- Usual adult
dose : 250 mg - 1 gm 6 hourly
- Children : 50 - 100 mg / Kg / day Administered orally, IM, IV
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Tolerability
- Well tolerated
- Allergic reactions may occur
- Safe in pregnancy, lactation, children
- Contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to
penicillins
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Uses
- Skin & Soft
Tissue infections : eg., surgical wounds, cellulitis, furunculosis,
carbuncles, abscesses, pyoderma
- Bone and Joint Infections : eg., Osteomyelitis, septic arthritis
- Staph. aureus is the main culprit in acute osteomyeletis, and may
be involved in chronic cases too
- Staphylococci are an important cause of septic arthritis
- Other Staphylococcal Infections : eg., mastitis, breast abscess,
bacteraemia, RTI and ENT infections
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Salient
Features
- Specific
anti-staphylococcal antibiotic
- Bactericidal activity against Staph. aureus and stability against
staphylococcal beta-lactamases
- Effective in skin & soft tissue infections, bone and joint infections,
surgical infections, staphylococcal infections involving various organs
- Well tolerated
- Safe in pregnancy, lactation, children
- Administered orally, IM, IV
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